It is increasingly acknowledged that cognitive impairment can play an important role in depression vulnerability. Therefore, cognitive remediation strategies, and cognitive control training procedures have gained attention in recent years as possible interventions for depression. Recent studies suggest a small to medium effect on indicators of depression vulnerability. Despite initial evidence for the efficacy and effectiveness of CCT, several central questions remain. In this paper we consider the key challenges for the clinical implementation of CCT, including exploration of potential working (...) mechanisms and related to this, moderators of training effects, necessary conditions under which CCT could be optimally administered, such as dose requirements and training schedules, and how CCT could interact with or augment existing treatments of depression. Revisiting the CCT literature, we also reflect upon the possibilities to evolve toward a stratified medicine approach, in which individual differences could be taken into account and used to optimize prevention of depression. (shrink)

This article proposes to analyse some aspects of the appropriation of New School thinking in Brazil, particularly Deweyan pragmatism, in the 1950s and 1960s. The analysis is based on the assumption that the developmentalist ideology that punctuated the debate on the economic, political and social restructuring of the country in these two decades constituted fertile ground for the return and expansion of pragmatist thinking amongst Brazilian educators, articulating itself, sometimes in contradictory ways, with this ideology. The focus of the analysis (...) will be on the writings of the group of educators which circulated around the figure of Anísio Teixeira, at the time director of the National Institute for Pedagogic Studies, an organ linked to the Ministry of Education and Culture, which set itself the task of producing research that would support public policy in the field of education, as well as constituting itself as a center for teacher education and the stimulus and development of innovative experiences in the public school system. The appropriation of Deweyan pragmatism, in this context, had a triple perspective: pragmatism as scientific method, implying a specific conception of science, particularly the social sciences, with emphasis on the application of scientific knowledge in the solution of practical problems; as a way of democratic life; and as a synonym for experimentalism, in the sphere of schooling. (shrink)

A questão "se uma elocução perde seu significado com a destruição das coisas "surge como uma questão sobre o valor-verdade de declarações com um termo vazio como sujeito, a saber, como um subproblema do sofisma "Se 'omnis homo de necessitate est animal' é verdade quando não há homem algum ". Neste trabalho, trarei as discussões conforme elas se apresentam em "De signis" IV.2 de Roger Bacon, em "Quaestiones logicales", q. 2–3 de Peter John Olivi, no OHNEA de Boethius of Dacia, (...) e no OHNEA de Anonymus Alani. Tais textos nos apresentam quatro modos diversos de nos relacionarmos com a questão sobre significação para OHNEA e, assim, com quatro posições diferentes sobre a relação entre significação e referência vazia. Usarei Anonymus Alani como o fio conductor de minha análise, inserindo outras posições onde tal se fizer relevante. The question 'whether an utterance loses its signification with the destruction of things ' is raised as a question about the truth-value of assertions with an empty term as a subject, namely as a sub-problem of the sophism 'Whether "omnis homo de necessitate est animal" is true when no man exists '. In this paper, I shall introduce the discussions as they are present in Roger Bacon's "De signis" IV.2, Peter John Olivi's "Quaestiones logicales", q. 2–3, Boethius of Dacia's OHNEA, and Anonymus Alani's OHNEA. These texts present us with four different ways of relating the question about signification to OHNEA, and therefore with four different positions regarding the relation between signification and empty reference. I shall use Anonymus Alani as the guiding thread of my analysis, inserting other positions where it is relevant. (shrink)

Quase que diariamente presenciamos no Brasil o aparecimento de novas alternativas religiosas, assim como uma intensa fragmentação institucional dentro das igrejas protestantes já estabelecidas. Nesse cenário, surgem igrejas autônomas, voltadas a certos públicos específicos, oferecendo produtos simbólicos mais próximos à realidade desses grupos. Enquadra-se entre as voltadas a “tribos urbanas” específicas a “Bola de Neve Church”, oficializada em 1999. Neste artigo, faz-se a análise antropológica da Igreja Evangélica Bola de Neve, situada no bairro Tatuapé, na Zona Leste da cidade de (...) São Paulo, visando a compreender a estrutura de culto, o perfil dos membros e trabalhando o tipo de comunicação que é utilizada, tendo como método de pesquisa o trabalho de campo, leituras específicas sobre o neopentecostalismo no Brasil e entrevistas e análises pessoais dos membros que ali congregam. Também se levanta a possibilidade de essa igreja, bem como outras voltadas a públicos específicos, poder ser interpretada como uma quarta onda do pentecostalismo dentro da teoria das ondas de Paul Freston, onde imperaria a Teologia da Autonomia. Palavras-chave : Bola de neve. Pentecostalismo. Protestantismo. Tribos urbanas.: In Brazil, we witness the emergence of new religious alternatives almost daily, as well as a strong institutional fragmentation within the established Protestant churches. In this scenario, emerge autonomous churches with target specific audiences, offering symbolic products that match the needs of those audiences. For example, churches focused on "urban tribes" such as "Igreja Evangélica Bola de Neve" ("Snowball Church"), incorporated in 1999, on the Tatuapé neighborhood of São Paulo, SP, Brazil. This article presents an anthropological analysis of "Snowball church", seeking to understand the structure of worship, the profile of members, and the kind of communication that is used in there. The research methodology was field work, targeted readings about neopentecostalism in Brazil, and interviews with church members. It also raises the possibility of this church and others focused on “urban tribes” be interpreted as a fourth wave of pentecostalism in Paul Freston`s wave theory, where a Theology of Autonomy prevails. Keywords: Snowball. Pentecostalism. Protestantism. Urban tribes. (shrink)

Resenha do livro de: CARDIM, Leandro Neves Corpo . Col. Filosofia Frente & Verso. Sáo Paulo: Globo, 2009. 177 p.

Para além da filiação religiosa: religião, religiosidade e o panorama religioso em Ribeirão das Neves-MG, Brasil (Beyond the religious affiliation: religion, religiosity and the religious panorama in Ribeirão das Neves- MG, Brazil) DOI: 10.5752/P.2175-5841.2011v9n23p715 Conhecer o panorama religioso no nível nacional e ao longo do tempo pode ser considerado um privilégio do Brasil, cujos censos demográficos coletam informações a este respeito pelo menos desde 1940. No entanto, a literatura sugere que a filiação religiosa não é suficiente para entender o papel (...) da religião na vida dos indivíduos. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste artigo é mostrar, através do exemplo de Ribeirão das Neves, MG-Brasil, a importância da religiosidade no panorama religioso. O estudo combina dados do Censo Demográfico de 2000 com informações sobre estudantes do Ensino Médio da rede pública estadual coletados pela Pesquisa Jovem, levando em consideração não apenas a filiação religiosa, mas também a frequência às cerimônias e da frequência com que se reza/ora fora das cerimônias religiosas. Os resultados do Censo 2000 sugerem que o município de Ribeirão das Neves é distinto de Minas Gerais e do Brasil no que tange à filiação religiosa. A inclusão da frequência às cerimônias e de medida de religiosidade no âmbito doméstico desvenda outros aspectos relativos à religião, sugerindo que ir além da filiação religiosa pode ajudar a compreender melhor a complexidade do panorama religioso. Palavras-chave : Religião. Religiosidade. Ensino Médio. Juventude. Ribeirão das Neves, BrasilKnowledge of the religious landscape over time and at the national level could be considered a privilege of Brazil. Brazilian demographic censuses have collected information related to religion since 1940. However, the literature suggests that religious affiliation is not sufficient for understanding the role of religion in the lives of individuals. Thus, the objective of this article is to show the importance of religiosity in the religious landscape, using the example of Ribeirão das Neves, Minas Gerais. The study combines data from the Demographic Census of 2000 with information about high school students in the state-run, public school system collected by the Pesquisa Jovem (Youth Survey). The study takes into consideration not only religious affiliation, but also attendance at worship services and the frequency with which individuals pray outside of worship services. The results of the 2000 Census suggest that the municipality of Ribeirão das Neves is distinct from Minas Gerais and Brazil in relation to religious affiliation. The inclusion of attendance at worship ceremonies and a measurement of religiosity in the home reveal other aspects related to religion, suggesting that going beyond religious affiliation may help to better understand the complexity of the religious panorama. Key words : Religion. Religiosity. High School. Youth. Ribeirão das Neves, Brazil. (shrink)

O artigo investiga a noção de corporeidade apresentada por Merleau-Ponty em O olho e o espírito. Na crítica aos modelos filosóficos constituídos pela filosofia reflexivas e seu modo de compreensão do corpo, Merleau-Ponty evidencia, ao longo de O olho e o espírito, a reflexividade corporal a partir da noção de estesiologia e suas consequências filosóficas. Enfatiza, no contexto de sua nova ontologia, o enigma do corpo e o delírio da visão, a partir da duplicidade do sentir. Aproximando-se da arte e (...) do gesto do pintor, o filósofo compreende o corpo no quiasma sensível e senciente e a visão como interrogação das coisas sensíveis do mundo. (shrink)

El propósito de este texto es ofrecer una visión general de la relación entre nación e historia en los debates que se generaron por parte de los historiadores y otros intelectuales de las ciencias sociales a finales del siglo XIX y durante gran parte del siglo XX. La reflexión central que se plantea consiste entonces en estudiar y mostrar cómo al mismo tiempo que las naciones modernas eran objeto de un proceso de redefinición política, en el escenario intelectual de las (...) ciencias sociales, y en particular de los historiadores, fueron apareciendo también un conjunto de debates y obras que intentaban problematizar y someter a consideración las relaciones que pretendían establecerse entre la nación y la historia como un elemento que las justificaba. (shrink)

This article reviews the Dutch societal debate on euthanasia/assisted suicide in dementia cases, specifically Alzheimer's disease. It discusses the ethical and practical dilemmas created by euthanasia requests in advance directives and the related inconsistencies in the Dutch legal regulations regarding euthanasia/assisted suicide. After an initial focus on euthanasia in advanced dementia, the actual debate concentrates on making euthanasia/assisted suicide possible in the very early stages of dementia. A review of the few known cases of assisted suicide of people with so-called (...) early dementia raises the question why requests for euthanasia/assisted suicide from patients in the early stage of Alzheimer's disease are virtually non-existent. In response to this question two explanations are offered. It is concluded that, in addition to a moral discussion on the limits of anticipatory choices, there is an urgent need to develop research into the patient's perspective with regard to medical treatment and care-giving in dementia, including end-of-life care. (shrink)

In this paper, we discuss a family of arguments that show the inconsistency of the concept of omniscience, which is one of the central attributes of the theistic God. We introduce three member of this family: Grim’s Divine Liar Paradox, Milne’s Paradox and our own Divine Curry. They can be seen as theological counterparts of well-known semantic paradoxes. We argue that the very simple dialetheist response to these paradoxes doesn’t work well and then introduce our own response based on a (...) framework that we call Logic of Impossible Truths. LIT is a non-dialetheist paraconsistent logic designed to represent divine ominiscience and to preserve the transparency of the truth predicate and which semantics rests on the concept of situation. Since some rules of classical logic are not valid in LIT, we are in a position to block the derivation of the paradoxes. Thus, LIT offers a way out of the dilemma of accepting that there are true contradictions or giving up the idea that there is an all-powerful, omniscient and perfectly good being. (shrink)

Many studies have argued for distinct but complementary contributions from each hemisphere in the control of movements to visual targets. Investigators have attempted to extend observations from patients with unilateral left- and right-hemisphere damage, to those using neurologically-intact participants, by assuming that each hand has privileged access to the contralateral hemisphere. Previous attempts to illustrate right hemispheric contributions to the control of aiming have focussed on increasing the spatial demands of an aiming task, to attenuate the typical right hand advantages, (...) to try to enhance a left hand reaction time advantage in right-handed participants. These early attempts have not been successful. The present study circumnavigates some of the theoretical and methodological difficulties of some of the earlier experiments, by using three different tasks linked directly to specialized functions of the right hemisphere: bisecting, the gap effect, and visuospatial localization. None of these tasks were effective in reducing the magnitude of left hand reaction time advantages in right handers. Results are discussed in terms of alternatives to right hemispheric functional explanations of the effect, the one-dimensional nature of our target arrays, power and precision given the size of the left hand RT effect, and the utility of examining the proportions of participants who show these effects, rather than exclusive reliance on measures of central tendency and their associated null hypothesis significance tests. (shrink)